The Western Highway is the Victorian part of the principal route linking the Australian cities of Timeline of duplication; Deer Park Bypass; Anthony's Cutting Realignment; Armstrong deviation No exact date given. Part of this is now Ballarat Road, State Route 8 through Deer Park and Caroline Springs.
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- The Cultural Impact of the Highland Clearances
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Homo Sapiens undoubtedly improved upon the crude rafts of Homo Erectus. On this page, we consider boats which existed before metal tools were developped and cities arose. More specifically, before wood planks allowed the construction of large ships for war and commerce around 3,BCE. Evidence of the nature of these early boats comes from unearthed remains, petroglyphs and other drawings - starting around 10, BCE 12 Kya.
To this we can add boats that are in use today but could have been constructed with stone-age tools. Boats types fall into several categories depending on the materials and tools used in their construction: Rafts using bamboo, logs or reeds Dug-out canoes Leather boats Prehistoric Rafts Anything that floats can be lashed together to make a raft and serve as a boat. Only primitive cutting tools are required. Bamboo, wood logs and reeds have all been used as raw materials, tied together with vines or palm fibers. Early rafts served as fishing platforms, allowed transportation across bodies of water and even formed floating islands for villages.
Raft propulsion is achieved by pushing with poles, pulling with ropes or paddling. When floating down rivers, the current does all the work. Later, sails will be added to reduce effort going downwind; but rafts have no keel or shape to keep them moving in a straight line, so steering is always difficult. Nothing remains of these early boats - which have long since rotted away - but watercraft still in use today in remote areas provide examples of what early boats must have looked like.
Below, click on images to enlarge! Use the arrows to move to new images. Primitive Log Raft First Mariners Project Flores to Timor on Hominid Raft In some areas, the primitive log raft evolved into more elaborate versions with a tapered shape and an odd number of curved logs often held together with sharpened hardwood pins. Examples below are from India around Chennai and medieval Japan. Tamil Boat, Kattumaram India Kon-Tiki Raft Thor Heyerdahl In , a Norwegian expedition sailed miles accross the Pacific on a Balsa log raft built with primitive materials and techniques, showing that ancient craft were capable of long distance ocean crossings.
More information below But now, synthetic ropes are used and the ends are often curled up by steam. The rafts are used for fishing, ferrying and, more recently, " Ecotourism ". They were used in areas where wood was scarce, like Egypt and Iraq, before efficient wood-working tools were developped. Petroglyphs from the Mesolithic period Azerbaijan, 12, - 7, BCE show large reed boats and remains of a year old reed boat were found in Kuwait.
Nowadays, the most primitive examples are the one-man boats made from banana stalks used on Lake Baringo. The most complex are found on Lake Titicaca on the border of Peru and Bolivia. Here large boats made up of millions of Totora reeds can support as many as 60 people. Reed boats are still used in Peru and Ethiopia. Dugout Canoes Dugout canoes require more advanced tools, like axes, adzes and chisels, initially made from flint then metal. Fire can also serve to hollow out the core.
Suitable tools appear around 12, years ago Mesolithic period and one can assume that canoes of some form would be developped shortly therafter; but more precise chronology must rely on the discovery of datable artefacts. The oldest boat found so far is the 3 meter wood canoe shown below, constructed around 8, BCE [ Wikipedia ]; Dugout canoes in various forms were developped all over the world wherever large trees grew.
Later designs added outriggers to help with stability and eventually sails. Click on images to ZOOM!
This made for a lighter boat, portable even! There is circumstantial evidence that such boats were used as early as 9, BCE - before the Pesse canoe; but the required technology is more advanced and it is probable that wood canoes came first. Coracles use wicker baskets for the frame. European coracles have leather as a skin.
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In the Middle East and Asia, the waterproofing is achieved with cloth and pitch; for example in the Bible, Moses is sent off in a small basket of bulrushes coated in pitch. Indian Coracle Irish Curragh In North America, Indians developped the birchbark canoe : a frame of wooden ribs covered with sewn patches of bark. Birchbark was the perfect choice, not only was it lightweight and smooth, but it was also waterproof and resilient. The joints of the canoes were bound together by the root of the white pine and then made waterproof by applying hot pine or spruce resin.
They were developped by the indigenous Aleut and Inuit in subarctic regions of the world. Typically, the kayak is covered and includes a spray skirt to insulate the the rider from the cold and prevent the boat from being swamped by waves. The northern peoples also built Umiaks: larger open seal-skin boats used to move people and possessions to seasonal hunting grounds. This is indicative of a hunting technique still used - until recently - by Inuits in North America. As shown below, the hunters ambush migrating herds from boats as they swim accross lakes or rivers.
The lack of trees in northern Europe at that time, precludes the use of dugout canoes; hence the assumption that reindeer hide boats were used. Europe's First Boats , P. Fletcher, AAPP, vol. The expedition was designed to demonstrate that ancient people could have made long sea voyages, creating contacts between separate cultures. Since that time, many other expeditions have attempted ocean crossings using primitive techniques.
Based on similarities between statues on Easter Island and others in Bolivia, Heyerdahl believed that there had been contact from South America. To support that claim, he sailed from Peru with five other adventurers on a raft built in native style from balsa wood, bamboo, and hemp. After days and 4, nautical miles on the open sea they arrived in the Tuamota Islands. Proving that a reed boat of Egyptian design could reach South America.
Could Aztec pyramids have been influenced by Egyptians? The Brendan , a foot, two masted boat was built in traditional fashion of Irish ash and oak, hand-lashed together with nearly two miles 3 km of leather thong, wrapped with 49 tanned ox hides, and sealed with wool grease. Island settlement implies some navigation legs over km in very primitive craft. There is also evidence of repeated trade in obsidian between some islands and the mainland.
Station Road intersects north-south with Ballarat Road and is a major local route. The Deer Park Bypass , completed in , allows motorists to avoid the suburban streets of Deer Park on their journey from Melbourne to Caroline Springs , Ballarat and beyond.
The Cultural Impact of the Highland Clearances
Kororoit Creek is located on the northern boundary of the suburb. This area particularly in the West has been home to large healthy populations of native reptiles for thousands of years, including Tiger snake , Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard , Stump-tailed skink and Eastern brown snake. Unfortunately due to development these species are now rarely seen in the area.
Due to more recent development of the Cairnlea estate and improved vegetation on the banks of Kororoit Creek, native species of frogs have taken advantage and have taken up residents in the new wetlands and lakes. On the southern outskirts of the suburb there are large farm properties which have now being developed for housing under the development names Brimbank Gardens and St Andrews Field.
This area surrounds Mount Derrimut, which saw the relocation of the Sunshine Golf Club to allow its former location East of Fitzgerald Road to be redeveloped as housing.
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The suburb has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Western Region Football League , [8] a cricket club and a tennis club. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 7 July Archived from the original PDF on 10 March Retrieved 24 January Suburbs of the City of Brimbank , Melbourne , Victoria. Namespaces Article Talk.
65 Jonah Parade Deer Park VIC Sold Prices and Statistics
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