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Table of contents
- Jonathan Chancellor
- Mannix, Daniel (1864 - 1963)
- Life, Point Cook Community Development Plan by Frasers Property Australia - Issuu
Mannix corresponded with Bert Evatt on constitutional safeguards for religion, approved his powers referendum, humoured him when he complained of Catholic Worker criticism, approved bank nationalization provided co-operative banks were allowed, and supported Evatt's stand against the Big Powers at San Francisco in Mannix condemned the Hiroshima bombing as 'immoral and indefensible', but later complained that General MacArthur had been sent to Korea to make war but forbidden to win it. However, he mustered the other bishops behind B. Santamaria's Catholic Social Studies Movement which from became a secretive, ambiguously authorized form of Catholic Action although, theologically, it should have been simply 'action of Catholics', not involving the hierarchy and thus not enjoining the consciences of Catholics.
Later he denied the 'secrecy' and justified using the same tactics as communists. Mannix could not distinguish between ecclesial and civil roles or understand why a party could not accept outside manipulation. Although, unlike Santamaria, he personally voted against dissolving the Communist Party in the referendum of , he affirmed with increasing obduracy that Australia was in the gravest danger from communism, even after when the party was shattered.
Controversies in the Church following the Labor split elicited from the Vatican a condemnation of 'the Movement' as impolitic and theologically unsound. He intervened in subsequent elections, allowing his auxiliary bishop to pronounce that no Catholic could vote in conscience for Labor, although in three of the four Federal Labor leaders including Calwell, a future papal knight, were Catholics.
While Mannix was politically naive and, in spite of his quick-wittedness, intellectually shallow, this was not crucial to his spiritual constituency, the clergy and faithful. Folklore asserted he was one of the four cleverest men in the world. Certainly he was God's warrior in the breastplate of St Patrick smiting bigots with apparent logic and ridicule and edifying the Church militant.
Over fifty years the diocesan faithful increased from , to ,; churches from to ; students in Catholic primary schools from 21, to 73,; secondary pupils from to 28,; priests increased by , brothers by , nuns by ; 10 new male and 14 female orders were introduced; 10 seminaries and 7 new hospitals, 3 orphanages, homes for delinquents, the blind and deaf, hostels for girls …. During the Depression, with Catholics hard hit, he continued building with Keynesian aplomb.
He finally crowned Eastern Hill in with cathedral spires, an event he celebrated coincidentally with the centenary of the first Mass in Victoria in a pageant, Credo , at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. This was attended by 60, people, including an English author whom he had personally invited to record the spectacle of Mannix in excelsis giving the final benediction.
Entering the portals of St Patrick's for High Mass, with the Vienna Mozart Boys' Choir which he had saved from wartime internment intoning Palestrina's 'Tu es Petrus', Mannix with steepled hands majestically evoked the numinous mediaeval Church.
Ceremony was one source of his undisputed charisma. Increasingly venerable and dignified, he would spend up to five hours a day in strenuous prayer.
Jonathan Chancellor
Basically an Ignatian formalist, he was neither speculative, mystical nor innovative in liturgy. Sodalities flourished, he sponsored popular devotions such as the Fatima statue and rosary crusades, and adhered to meatless Fridays and morning Mass for fear of 'protestant' indiscipline.
Each Saturday he confessed humbly at St Francis' Church, then shrived penitents for long hours at the cathedral, never stinting his homilies. He was accessible to all at Raheen palace, comforting the troubled and dependent with his solicitude and charming the curious and eminent with his wryness of mind.
Mannix, Daniel (1864 - 1963)
He performed a perpetual round of communion breakfasts, confirmations, bazaars, requiems, corporal works of mercy, laying foundation stones and blessing new buildings. Nor did he ask if Queensland Catholics were better off without 'confrontation'. He thought hatred of Catholics by Protestants, with their unfilled churches and babel of doctrines, was inevitable. With tridentine disdain he never entered their churches; he offered courtesy, never fraternization. In he defended Lutheran schools against closure; but Luther himself was 'a distasteful subject … impossible to quote in decent surroundings'.
He enforced the ne temere decree deploring mixed marriages. Mannix ignored his apostate brother Patrick when in England. Such attitudes in a diffused plural society entrenched subcultural divisions but for Mannix Catholics would come into their own on their own terms. Teaching orders were inspired to more exacting efforts to notch government scholarships while they successfully subsidized Catholic upward mobility through celibacy, poverty and obedience.
Their schools did not grasp the chance for divergent curricula; they conformed to the state syllabi plus doctrine and apologetics. Mannix applied himself to wording rigorously the penny catechism; he was hardly an educationist. Before the public subscription for his diamond jubilee was converted into the Mannix travelling scholarship for aspiring Catholic academics, he had to be briefed on the need for them to gain higher degrees.
Mannix's cathedral administrator was also his personal secretary and vicar-general; he preferred a single conduit however overburdened but, in time, there were mitres for assiduity. With minimum effort he controlled policy and patronage; aspiring bishops did the work. Filing systems were a mystery to him; he marvelled at speedy retrievals. He avoided canonical visitations to parishes and schools: his overawed but trusty clergy were left to themselves to minister, raise funds and build.
Amateurish planning led to the bungled seven-figure impost on parishes for a new seminary at Glen Waverley which added to the onerous Schools Provident Fund. This inglorious pile—aesthetics was not Mannix's forte—was soon cheaply sold for a police college. At his death diocesan administration needed serious overhauling. He started a Catholic Education Office with one priest, one room and no staff. He was parsimonious even with the reliable Jesuits to whom he entrusted Newman College, his relatively liberal Corpus Christi seminary at Werribee and the encouragement of lay action.
Among secular clergy and suffragan bishops he felt more comfortable with intellectual mediocrity. Considering that Mannix was too dominant in episcopal councils and influenced preferment for Irish clergy, the apostolic delegate , Archbishop Panico, who declined ever to stay at Raheen, appointed the first Australian-born archbishop, Justin Simonds of Hobart, coadjutor to Mannix without consulting either party.
It was a slight to Mannix's competence.
He gave Simonds only peripheral duties; awkward relations were aggravated by Simonds's disapproval of 'the Movement'; Mannix's longevity crippled Simonds's career. In Australia's cardinalate went to circumspect Sir Norman Gilroy of Sydney; there followed graciously mordant congratulations from Mannix but a noisy protest from Calwell, and disapproval from Duhig.
Mannix was unacceptable to Rome. His recalcitrance on 'the Movement' brought Cardinal Agagianian of Propaganda Fide to Melbourne in to see if he was senile. The cardinal was bluntly reassured but a local attempt in to get Mannix a red hat, Newman-fashion, was futile. Mannix has been praised for 'inflexible liberalism'. On matters such as lay participation, non-confessional universities, sex education, capital punishment in he pleaded with President Eisenhower for the Rosenbergs and socio-economic issues, he was usually more progressive than other bishops.
However, his diocesan weeklies were restricted, manipulated and jejune. In he forced its lay proprietors to sell the Advocate to him at his own low valuation or face extinction; the clericalist Tribune criticized him by implication only once—over his attitude to Irish republicanism in An admirer of Charles Maurras, Denys Jackson , dominated the diocesan political columns from the s. Santamaria, while still in his twenties, became Mannix's major political adviser, ultimately seeing him three times a week.
In the Catholic Worker was banned from the cathedral for saying that Catholics could conscientiously vote for the Labor Party. As Mannix foresaw, most parishes followed his lead and sales dropped catastrophically; yet he claimed never to have banned anything.
Errant clergy were offered kindness and reformation but those who challenged his judgement had the full rigour of canon law. He listened and opined but never deigned to argue. His dignity and authority were sacrosanct. Although he generated bitterness and lack of charity among his followers, he rarely attacked people by name, even in conversation, but he often found intimidating sarcasm and jibes irresistible.
His clergy generally admired and feared him although, in earlier days, there were unpublicized critics among them and later the young curates did not know him. Mannix was painstaking about his appearance. His top hat was carefully poised, using a mirror, before he strode with frock coat and stick from Raheen through Collingwood to St Patrick's, dispensing shillings to the needy.
He cut his own hair and at 97 bought an electric razor because he could not bear to be touched. He always wore a biretta, never the zucchetto. He disliked 'ecclesiastical millinery' and tried not to appoint monsignors. Not even Hackett or Jeremiah Murphy were addressed by first name. Though personally monastic, he did not live in the cathedral 'palace' as did his predecessors but had Raheen, formerly Sir Henry Wrixon 's mansion, purchased for him in from diocesan funds.
His hospitable table carried crystal and silverware though he only picked at food indeed, fainted at Mass in He never owned but always hired a chauffeur-driven car and very rarely spoke on the telephone.
Life, Point Cook Community Development Plan by Frasers Property Australia - Issuu
He rarely officiated at marriages, baptisms, extreme unction, or at personal, rather than mass, confirmations. During speeches there was some restrained theatricality, especially wearing his Maynooth cloak with velvet collar and chain. His accent was cultivated and neutral, with neither blarney nor brogue. Single Professionals Speed Dating. Greek Speed Dating. Lesbian Speed Dating. Single Parent Speed Dating. Asian Western Speed Dating. BYO Dog Dating. Dating in the Dark. Central Coast.
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