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Table of contents
- Remote Pasture Water Systems for Livestock - The Cattle Site
- Storm drain
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One is to fill a stock tank with water where only calves have access. Another option is to collect some of the water pumped by the cows into a small tub or stock tank for the calves to drink. Note: Do not try to train livestock to operate the pumps during extremely hot weather. Shallow buried pipelines are ideal for farms with a very intensive rotational grazing system within one to two miles distance of existing water and mainline power.
Pipelines allow livestock producers to better utilize their water source i. They are very flexible systems, and watering sites can be located at the preferred location rather than where a dugout will fill from runoff.
Remote Pasture Water Systems for Livestock - The Cattle Site
These systems are a low cost alternative for pumping water to larger herds of livestock. The pumps are very portable and can be moved easily from one water source to the next. Solar-powered systems are popular because of their reliability and low maintenance. They can be used to pump water from dugouts. An array of solar panels collects and converts sunshine into electrical energy, which can be used to pump water or be stored by rechargeable batteries as illustrated in Figure 6. Due to the variation in sunshine intensity, a minimum of three days water or battery storage is required.
For solar systems with batteries, it is important to select good quality deep cycle type batteries e. It is also important to install electrical controls that have both low and high voltage disconnects. These controls protect the battery from under or over charging conditions; charging problems will drastically reduce battery life. Obviously, a sunny spot is desired for these systems, but also choose a location sheltered from high winds and not in plain view of thieves.
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Note: Solar-powered systems are portable and durable. Solar powered systems have the added advantage of pumping the most water on hot sunny days when cattle are drinking lots of water. Excess power can be used to energize an electric fence for the pasture. Although the initial costs of a solar-powered system are somewhat higher than for others, the system will last for many years.
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The portability of the solar pumping system is another advantage. Windmills perform best in areas that have higher than average wind speeds, such as the southern parts of the prairie provinces. For central and northern areas of the prairies, where wind speeds are lower, consider adding additional water storage such as an elevated earthen reservoir. Windmills can be used to pump from dugouts and wells. Place windmills on higher ground where they have good exposure to the wind, such as the excavated dirt pile from a dugout.
Also, locate them away from trees as far as possible, at least 15 to 20 times the height of the trees as shown in Figure 7. There are presently two windmills that can be used for both dugout water pumping and dugout aeration. The initial costs of the system are somewhat high, but most of the windmill systems are very reliable and will last for many years. A windmill system should have at least four days of water storage. Be prepared to use an alternate pumping method or haul water during prolonged calm periods.
Note: Windmills must be located on higher ground away from trees so they perform efficiently. In parts of the Canadian prairies, surface water does not provide a dependable source of water for livestock. In these areas, producers drill wells and pump water into stock tanks, large water storages or dugouts for their livestock. For remote locations, gas pumps or animal-operated nose pumps can be used for shallow wells of 20 feet lift or less. A growing number of producers are also using groundwater sources because they are generally much better quality for livestock purposes.
Wind, solar-powered and frost-free nose pump systems can be designed for deeper wells Figure 8. Although livestock prefer water, snow is an acceptable water source for mature cows and young cattle in good condition. For snow to be used as a water source, there must be an abundant supply, and it must be clean, unpacked and with no crust so that it is easily accessible by livestock. Provide lactating cows, as well as first and second-calf heifers with water to maintain body condition during the winter months. This system is set up directly over the wet well beside the dugout and uses a motion sensor to activate the solar-powered pump.
The motion sensor starts the pump when livestock approach the watering bowl to drink. Water is pumped into the bottom of a 25 inch The water level rises in the bowl to a set of overflow holes that return excess water back into the wet well.
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These holes are located near the top edge of the bowl to prevent overflow onto the ground. The pump will run as long as there is livestock motion within the range of the motion detector. To prevent the pump from starting and stopping, a delay is built in to allow the pump to continue running for a pre-set time. This delay allows the next animal to approach the watering bowl and get water before the pump shuts off. Water remaining in the bowl drains back to the wet well through the bottom of the bowl so that no water remains in the bowl to freeze.
Motion detection systems are adaptable to a variety of setup configurations as shown in Figure 9. Similar to the drain-back system, this trough system is set up directly over the wet well beside the dugout. The solar-powered system pumps water from the wet well into an insulated, doughnut-shaped trough. The float switch signals the pump when the water level is low to keep the trough full. Livestock drink water through access hatches in a fitted, insulated lid that sits on top of the wet well.
The trough has several access hatches that can be opened for larger herds. On extremely cold nights, all but one of the access hatches may have to be covered to prevent heat loss and freezing. This system relies on the heat stored in the incoming water to keep it from freezing and thus must have a minimum number of livestock drinking from it each day during freezing temperatures. This system is shown in Figure The frost-free nose pump is also a drain-back type of winter watering system, as shown in Figure Frost-free nose pump.
The cows push a nose pad that operates a piston in the bottom of the wet well. The piston lifts the water up into a small drinking bowl. The cow drinks the water out of the bowl, then pumps more water. When the cow is finished drinking, the water in the drop pipe that brings the water up from the well drains below frost.
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For larger herds, a second pump can be mounted on top of the wet well. Daily inspections of the functioning and icing of the pump are recommended, especially during extremely cold and windy conditions, to ensure adequate water availability for livestock. No matter the size of a livestock watering system, proper planning and design play an important role in its effectiveness. Good installation cannot compensate for an inadequate water source. Good quality water and sufficient quantity are both vital to livestock.
Dugout and off-stream livestock watering systems are an important tool in protecting water sources, riparian areas and livestock. December Subscribe Marketing Packages Cookie Law. Follow thecattlesite. Figure 1a. Cross-section view of access ramp. Figure 1b. Figure 2. Elevated earthen reservoir with woven polyethylene liner.
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Figure 3. Gravity-fed system. Figure 4. Pumped gravity flow reservoirs. Figure 5. Figure 6. Solar-powered pumping system. Figure 7. He is an internationally recognised Clinician Educator with a passion for helping clinicians learn and for improving the clinical performance of individuals and collectives.
He has completed fellowship training in both intensive care medicine and emergency medicine, as well as post-graduate training in biochemistry, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology, and health professional education.
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